Explain how memories are retrieved, including both context-dependent and state-dependent memories. Describe how memory retrieval can be disrupted.

 

he following require you to write a short essay consisting of a few paragraphs (two-three paragraphs).

1. Explain the similarities and differences between classical conditioning (a simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls fourth the response that is usually called forth by another stimulus) and operant conditioning (where people and animals learn to do certain things and not to do others because of the results of what they do). Give an example of each type.

2. Explain how memories are retrieved, including both context-dependent and state-dependent memories. Describe how memory retrieval can be disrupted.

3. Describe the first three stages in language development: crying, cooing, and babbling. Explain the achievements and problems encountered at each stage.

4. Describe the ways in which environmental factors, including the home environment, styles of parenting and schooling can contribute to high levels of intelligence in children.

5. Describe the different ways that behavioralists, Gestalt psychologists and social-learning theorists think that people learn.

he following require you to write a short essay consisting of a few paragraphs (two-three paragrpahs).

1. Describe how you would conduct a survey that identified the most popular flavors of ice cream. Identify your target population and what kind of sample you would use. Explain what method of observation you might use to help generalize your findings.

2. Describe the main structures of a neuron and their functions. Explain how messages are sent from one neuron to another.

3. Describe how the pupil, lens, retina and photoreceptors work to transmit visual images to the brain. Explain how retinal disparity and cenvergence give us clues about depth.

4. Explain the differences between continuous reinforcement (the reinforcement of a behavior every time the behavior occurs) and partial reinforcement (the behavior is not reinforced every time it occurs). Describe how the different types of interval schedules and ratio schedules work.

 
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